Lithology

Lithology is a geological term used to describe the types of formation rocks. Three main types are commonly defined:

1. Sedimentary Rocks - formed after compaction of settled solid particles in
   water.

2. Carbonate Rocks - subclass of sedimentary rocks composed primarily of carbonate minerals. Two major types of carbonate rocks are limestone and dolomite, composed of calcite (CaCO3) and the mineral dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2), respectively.

3. Igneous Rocks -formed either underground or at the surface by the freezing or crystallization of molten rock. Subsurface molten rock is called magma and becomes igneous rock as it is trapped underground and crystallizes slowly.